The shallow magma chamber of Stromboli Volcano (Italy)

In this work, we integrate artificial and natural seismic sources data to obtain high-resolution images of the shallow inner structure of Stromboli Volcano. Overall, we used a total of 21,953 P readings from an active seismic experiment and an additional 2731 P and 992 S readings deriving from 269 local events. The well-defined V-p, V-s, and V-p/V-s tomograms have highlighted the following: (i) the region where magma cumulates at shallow depths (2-4 km below sea level (bsl)), forming an elongated NE-SW high-velocity body (V-p >= 6.0 km/s and V-s >= 3.5 km/s), with a very fast velocity core (6.5 <= V-p < 7.0 km/s) of similar to 2 km(3); (ii) the presence of some near-vertical pipe-like structures, characterized by relatively high P velocities values, mainly linked to past activity (e.g., Strombolicchio); and (iii) a near-vertical pipe-like volume with high V-p/V-s (1.78 divided by 1.85), located beneath to the craters (down to similar to 1.0 km bsl), overlying a deeper region (1.0 to 3.0 km bsl) with low V-p/V-s (1.64 divided by 1.69), interpreted as the actual and preferential pathway of magma toward the surface. Our results demonstrate the importance of combining passive and active seismic data to improve, in a tomographic inversion, the resolution of the volcanic structures and to discover where magma may be stored.