Intensive Care to Facilitate Organ Donation: A Report on the Experience of 2 Spanish Centers With a Common Protocol

Background. The aim of this study is to report the experience with a program of Intensive Care to facilitate Organ Donation (ICOD) in 2 Spanish centers based on a common protocol. Methods. Retrospective review of clinical charts of patients with a devastating brain injury whose families were approached to discuss the possibility of ICOD once further treatment was deemed futile by the treating team. Study period is from January 1, 2011, to December 31, 2015. Results. ICOD was discussed with families of 131 patients. Mean age of possible donors was 75 years (SD = 11 years). The main cause of brain injury was an intracranial hemorrhage (72%). Interviews with families were held after the decision had been made not to intubate/ventilate in 50% of cases, and after the decision not to continue with invasive ventilation in the remaining cases. Most interviews (66%) took place in the emergency department. The majority of families (95%) consented to ICOD. Of the 125 consented cases, 101 (81%) developed brain death (BD), most in 72 hours or less. Ninety-nine (98%) patients transitioned to actual donation after BD, with 1.2 organs transplanted per donor. Of patients who did not evolve to BD, 4 died after an unexpected cardiac arrest and 18 after the withdrawal of life-sustaining measures. ICOD contributed to 33% of actual donors registered at both centers. Conclusions. ICOD is well accepted by families. Most patients evolve to BD within a short period of time. The practice substantially contributes to increasing organ donation and offers more patients the chance of donating their organs after death.